1898:
Edward Henry Harriman & legal partner, Judge
Robert Scott Lovett, buy UPR for $110 million,
a deal brokered by New York-based Kuhn Loeb investment
bank house, of which Felix Warburg was a partner.During
this period, Samuel Prescott Bush was president
of the Buckeye Steel Castings Co.
1914: With war looming, Percy A. Rockefeller took
control of the arms manufacturer, Remington Arms
& appoints Samuel F. Pryor as CEO.
1918: Robert Scott Lovett (above) now president
of UPR. Samuel Prescott Bush (above) made director
of the facilities division of the US War Industries
Board under its chairman Bernard Baruch &
his assistant, the banker Clarence Dillon.
Nov.1919: George Herbert Walker forms W.A.Harriman
& Co. bank - with Walker as president &
chief executive, & Averell Harriman (son of
Edward Henry Harriman - above) as chairman (He
was to become US Ambassador to the USSR [43
- 46]; US Secretary of Commerce [46
- 48]; & Governor of NY State [55
- 59])
1920: Averell Harriman & George Herbert Walker
of W.A.Harriman & C0. gain control of the
German Hamburg-Amerika Line after negotiations
with the latters chief executive, William
Cuno, & Max Warburg of the shipping lines
bankers, M.M. Warburg. The American holding now
known as the American Ship & Commerce Corp.
(ASCC). Samuel F. Pryor (above) of Remington Arms
had been involved in the deal & now served
on the board of ASCC. (Cuno was subsequently to
become a heavy contributor to Nazi Party funds).
It should be noted that Averell Harriman was chairman
of UPR from 1920-1946.
1922: Averell Harriman set up a branch of W. A.
Harriman & Co. in Berlin under the residency
of his partner, George H. Walker.
Oct. 1923: Fritz Thyssens contributions
to the Nazi Party began with a donation of 100,000
marks (ref: his book I Paid Hitler
41).
Prior to 24: As revealed in a US government
memorandum dated Oct. 5 42 to the Executive
Committee of the office of the Alien Property
Custodian: W. Averell Harriman was in Europe
sometime prior to 1924 & at that time became
acquainted with Fritz Thyssen, the German industrialist,
and they agreed to set up a bank for Thyssen in
New York. It adds that the Thyssen agent H.
J. Kouwenhoven..came to the United States..prior
to 1924 for conferences with the Harriman company
in this connection.
1924: W.A.Harriman & Co invested $400,000
in setting up Union Banking Corp. (UBC) in New
York to act in partnership with the Thyssen-owned
Bank voor Handel en Scheepvart (Bank for Trade
and Shipping, BHS) in Holland. The UBC was now
in a position to transfer funds back & forth
between the US and Thyssens companies in
Germany - his Vereinigte Stahlwerke (United Steel)
in particular. Prescott Sheldon Bush Snr. (son
of Samuel Bush, & son-in-law of George H Walker)
joins the Harriman - controlled US Rubber Co.
1926: Prescott S. Bush Snr. made Vice-President
of W. A. Harriman & Co. The Wall Street banker,
Clarence Dillon (an old colleague of Prescott
S. Bush Snr.s father, Sam Bush - see above),
of Dillon Read, set up the German Steel Trust
with Thyssen & partner, Friedrich Flick, whereby
Dillon Read would handle the Trusts corporate
banking in return for two Dillon
Read representatives being on the board of the
German Steel Trust, whose chief executive was
Albert Voegler, another German industrialist who
was to help Hitler into power. He (Voegler) also
held directorships in the BHS bank, & the
Hamburg-Amerika Line. The UBC was by now in partnership
with Friedrich Flicks vast steel, coal &
zinc conglomerate operating in Germany
& Poland - the Silesian Holding Co. Walker,
Bush, & Harriman now owned one third of Flicks
conglomerate, calling their holding the Consolidated
Silesian Steel Corp.
1930/31; As admitted by Fritz Thyssen during
interrogation in Sept. 45, he arranged with
Rudolph Hess for the transfer of about 250-300,000
marks via his (Thyssens) Dutch bank
BHS to the Nazi Party - adding it was about
the sum Id given before. In total,
he had donated & loaned more than one million
dollars to the Nazi Party.
Jan. 1 31: W. A. Harriman & Co. merged
with the British-American investment house, Brown
Brothers, resulting in Prescott S. Bush Snr.,
Thatcher M. Brown & the two Harriman brothers
being the senior partners of the new Brown Brothers
Harriman firm. A board member of Brown Bros.,
Robert A. Lovett (son of Robert Scott Lovett [above]
& Asst. Sec. for Air [in WW2]; Under Sec.
of State [47 - 49]; Dep. Sec. of Defense
[50 - 51]; Secretary of Defense [51
- 53]), an American whose father had served
on the War Industries Board of WW 1 with Sam Bush
[above]), became another partner in the newly-
merged firm. Prescott S. Bush Snr. now ran the
New York office of the the newly-merged firm,
while Thatcher Brown ran the London end. Certain
pertinent facts about Brown Bros. are worthy of
note here: Montagu Collet Norman, governor of
the Bank of England & well-known Nazi sympathiser,
was not only an ex-Brown Bros. partner - his grandfather
had also been boss of Brown Bros. during the American
Civil War when they (Brown Bros.) were shipping
75% of slave cotton from the southern states of
America to British mills.
1932: As reported by the US embassy in Berlin
to Washington not long before Hitlers taking
over of power, questions were being raised as
to who were the financial backers behind the Nazi
Party electioneering & their 300,000 - 400,000
SA & SS troops - adding that the American-owned
Hamburg-Amerika Line was funding propaganda against
the German governments attempts to disband
these troops!
Jan. 1933: Hitler assumes power in Germany.
Mar.
7 33: Prescott S. Bush Snr. notified Max
Warburg (above) that he (Warburg) was to be the
American Ship & Commerce Line official representative
on the board of the Hamburg- Amerika Line. Warburg
had been a long-time advisor to Hjalmar Schacht
(German Economics Minister & a close friend
of Montagu Norman), & was an executive in
the Reichsbank. A further pertinent connection:
Max Warburgs brothers ran the Kuhn Loeb
investment bank, which had handled E. H. Harrimans
buy-out of the Union Pacific Railroad in the 1890s
(above).
Mar. 29 33: As revealed in Moshe Gottliebs
book American Anti-Nazi Resistance 33
- 41, Max Warburgs son, Erich,
cabled his cousin, Frederick Warburg - who was
a director of the Union Pacific Railroad - instructing
him to use his influence to stop all anti-Nazi
propaganda &
activity in America.
Mar. 31 33: As a result: the American-Jewish
committee (within which the Warburgs had much
influence) & The Bnai Brith (which
subsequently became known as the Anti-Defamation
League) issued a joint statement counselling that
no American boycott against Germany be encouraged!
May. 20. 33: As reported in the New York
Times: on Hitler achieving power, an agreement
to coordinate all trade between Germany &
America was reached in Berlin after negotiations
between Hitlers Economics Minister, Hjalmar
Schacht (above) & John Foster Dulles. As a
result of this, the Harriman International Co.
- under Oliver Harriman (Averells first
cousin) - formed a syndicate of 150 firms/individuals
to conduct all exports from Germany to America.
It should be noted here that the two Dulles brothers,
partners in the corporate law firm Sullivan &
Cromwell, had acted for many Nazi enterprises
during & after this period, including I. G.
Farben, developer of the nerve gas, Tabun; SKF,
supplier of 60% of its bearings to Germany; &
the Schroeder Banking house, of which Allen Welsh
Dulles became a director of its New York branch
- a post he held until 1944. (Further pertinent
details of the Dulles brothers: J. F. Dulles became
Secretary of State [53 - 59]; A. W.
Dulles became CIA Deputy Director for Plans [51];
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence [51
- 53]; & Director of CIA [53 -61]).
Sept. 5 33: North German Lloyd Co. merged
with Hamburg-Amerika Line in Hamburg.
Nov.
4 33: American Ship & Commerce Corp.
(owners of Hamburg-Amerika - see above) installed
long-time Harriman executive, Christian Beck as
manager of freight & operations
in North America for this newly-merged company,
now known as Hapag-LLoyd, whose chairman was Emil
Helfferich, a Nazi. Nazi security guards accompanied
all shipping so engaged in this trade.
Sept. 34: At the US Senate Nye Committee
hearings, it was revealed that Samuel Pryor, executive
ctte. chairman of Remington arms & founding
director of both the UBC & the American Ship
& Commerce Corp., had joined in a cartel agreement
with I. G. Farben, the German chemical/armaments
conglomerate (see above). It was further revealed
that the Nazi troops (noted above) were nearly
all armed with American guns.
Dec. 7 41: Japanese bomb Pearl Harbour -
US now in World War 2.
Aug.
28 42: Under the Trading with the Enemy
Act, the US government - via Leo T. Crowley, the
US Alien Property Custodian - ordered the seizure
of all property of Hapag-LLoyd.
Oct. 20 42: Leo T. Crowley, the US Alien
Property Custodian - seized the stock shares of
the Union Banking Corp. of New York, whose shareholders
were: Chm./Dir. E. Rowland Harriman (of Brown
Brothers Harriman); Pres./Dir. Cornelis Lievense
(banking functionary for the Nazis); Treasurer/Dir.
Harold D. Pennington (of Brown Brothers Harriman);
Dir. Ray Morris (of Brown Brothers Harriman);
Dir. Prescott S. Bush Snr.(of Brown Brothers Harriman);
Dir. H.J. Kouwenhoven (Dir./Chief foreign financial
exec. of German Steel Trust & the man who
had brokered the deal between Fritz Thyssen &
the UBC); Dir. Johann G. Groeninger (Industrial
Exec. in Nazi Germany). These seized shares were
described in the Vesting Order as shares
held for the benefit of members of the Thyssen
family, property of nationals.. of a designated
enemy country.
Oct. 28 42: US government seized 2 Nazi
front companies - the Seamless Steel Equipment
Corp. & Holland-American Trading Corp. - both
run by the UBC.
.Nov. 17 42: Nazi financial interests (only)
in Silesian-American Corp. (above) seized, leaving
US partners (UBC) to carry on the business.
Jul. 2 45: As revealed by the US Treasury
Dept. in hearings before a 79th Congress committee:
the Vereinigte Stahlwerke (see above) had produced
the following proportions of Nazi Germanys
total output: Pig iron 50.8%; Pipe & tubes
45.5%; Universal plate 41.4%; Galvanised sheet
38.5%; Heavy plate 36%; Explosives 35%; Wire 22.1%.
1954: George Herbert Walker Bush Snr. (son of
Prescott S. Bush Snr., grandson of Samuel Bush
& George Walker - see above) now president
of Zapata Offshore (oil drilling company). He
had previously joined Dresser Industries &
subsequently co-founded the Bush-Overby Development
Co. (both in oil).
71 - 72: George Herbert Walker Bush
Snr. made US ambassador to UN.
1972:
George Bush Snr. made chairman of the Republican
Party National committee.
74
- 75: In aftermath of President Nixons
resignation, President Gerald Ford appointed George
Bush Snr. to head the US Liaison Office in Beijing
Jan.
30 76 - Mar. 9 77: George Bush Snr.
Director of CIA.
1979: During Jimmy Carters presidency, &
as a result of the Sandanista rebellion led by
Daniel Ortega, the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio
Somoza fled the country.
Jan. 20 81: Ronald Reagan now president
with George Bush Snr. his Vice-President. Defeat
of the left-wing Sandanistas became an immediate
aim of the Reagan Administration, & this was
to be implemented using secretive methods (which
were later to prove illegal) under the control
of the Special Situations Group, whose chairman
was Vice-President George Bush Snr. (who had wrested
this post from Secretary of State Alexander Haig
early on). Enter Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver North
who served on both the Inter-Departmental Group
on Terrorism & the Terrorist Incident Working
Group - both under Bush. They were to set-up,
finance & arm an anti-Sandanista militia,
the Contras, using neighbouring Guatemala as a
training ground.
1983: Contras begin offensive against Sandanistas
in Nicaragua.
Apr.
84: US congress refuses to authorise $24
million aid to Contras requested by Reagan.
Sept.
84: The small oil company Arbusto Energy
Inc. founded by George Walker Bush Jnr. (eldest
son of George H. W. Bush Snr.) in the mid-70s
proves to be an unsuccessful venture & is
bought out by another oil company, Spectrum 7
Energy Corp. George W. Bush Jnr. is made president
of Spectrum.
Oct. 84: Congress cuts off any funding &
support to the Contras. John Ellis (Jeb)
Bush, the 2nd eldest son of George Bush Snr. -
& a real estate developer - had been acting
as the Reagan administrations unofficial
link with Contra & Nicaraguan exiles in Miami.
He also put the right-wing Guatemalan politician,
Dr. Mario Castejon, in touch with Oliver North,
which led to Castejon & Henry Whaley ( a former
arms dealer) proposing that the State Department
supply medicines, field hospitals & light
aircraft to the Contras. This proposal was passed
to the CIA via TGS International, a firm owned
by Ted Shackley, who had served as Associate Deputy
Director of Operations in the CIA under George
Bush Snr. (76 -77).
Dec. 85: Congress partially lifts ban on
Contra aid, & authorises $13 million in aid
- plus $27 million for humanitarian
aid.
1986: Behind-the-scenes machinations of the US
Administration becomes public knowledge with the
revelation of the illegal Arms for Hostages
scandal - known as the Iran-Contra affair.
The Spectre 7 Energy Corp. (above) proves to be
another unsuccessful venture for George W. Bush
Jnr. It is sold to another small oil company,
Harken Energy Corp., a deal whereby the
partners in Spectrum received $2 million worth
of shares in Harken, & George Bush Jnr. was
made director & consultant of the Harken -
with the added bonus of $600,000 extra shares.
Oct. 86: US Congress lifts remaining ban
& authorises £100 million aid to Contras.
1987:
In a CBS interview with Jane Wallace, Michael
Mickey Tolliver, a pilot involved
in the trade of drugs, revealed details of one
flight he had made involving the Contras: he had
flown to Honduras with a cargo of 28.000 lbs of
guns & ammunition, & after a 3-day rest
there he had returned with a cargo of 25,360 lbs
of marijuana - landing at the US Airforce Base
in Homestead, Florida, where the cargo was unloaded!
He had been paid $75.000.
Mar. 11 88: Robert McFarlane (Reagans
National Security Advisor 83 - 85)
found guilty of criminal charges of witholding
information from Congress about secret aid to
the Contras.
Mar. 16 88: John Poindexter (National Security
Advisor from 85 - 86) & Oliver
North (National Security Council - see above)
both charged with conspiracy to defraud the US
Government - but trials delayed.
Late 88: US Federal Regulators shut down
Silverado Banking Savings & Loan co., due,
primarily, to non-repayment of questionable loans
they had made. Neil Bush (3rd son of George Bush
Snr.) had been director of Silverado from 85.
Jan. 20 89: George Bush Snr. inaugurated
as president of US.
May 89: Oliver North convicted on 3 counts,
& in July 89 is fined $150,000 - plus
a 3-year suspended jail sentence.
June 89: President George Bush Snr. imposed
economic sanctions on China as a result of Tiananmen
Square killings. Soon after these sanctions were
imposed, the Presidents older brother, Prescott
Bush Jnr. of the consultancy firm Prescott Bush
Resources, was hired by Asset Management International
Financing & Settlement at a fee of $250,000
for consultation re-its (Assets) joint venture
with China to set up the latters internal
communications network. (This involved $300 million
worth of Hughes Aircraft satellites - a key component
of the deal). Concurrent with this, Prescott Bush
Jnr. was also acting as middleman for the buying-out
of Asset Management by West Tsusho, a Tokyo-based
investment firm controlled by the Inagawakai branch
of the Yakuza, the well-known politically influential
Japanese Mob. For this he received a $250,000
finders fee & promised an
annual retainer of $250,000 for the next 3 years
- as consultant.
Nov. 89: US Congress passed additional sanctions
specifically barring the export of US satellites
to China - unless the president found the sale
in the national interest.
Dec. 19 89: President George Bush Snr. lifted
the sanctions, citing the national interest.
1990: Orlando Bosch, an anti-Castro Cuban, leader
of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organisations,
who had masterminded many bombings in Cuba &
a Cuban airliner over Barbados on October 5th
76, had finally been imprisoned in 88
in Miami for firing a bazooka at a Polish freighter
in Miami harbour. He is now paroled after John
Ellis Bush has lobbied his fathers administration
for his release from prison.
Jan. 90: Somewhat surprisingly for a small
company, Harken Energy Corp. clinches a deal with
the Gulf State of Bahrain, whereby the latter
gives Harken exclusive right for oil & gas
exploration. The report of the Office of Thrift
Supervision into the failure of Silverado Banking
revealed that Neil Bush (see above) had failed
to disclose to Silverado Banking (on whose board
he sat) his business connections with Ken Good
& Bill Walters who had defaulted on $132 million
in loans from Silverado. Good had given Neil Bush
a $100,000 loan to invest in the commodities market.
Neil Bush had Silverado write a letter of recommendation
to Argentina, where Good International - in partnership
with Neil Bushs oil company JNB Exploration
(which he had founded in 83) - was exploring
for gas & oil. Bill Walters had contributed
$150,000 to the initial capitalisation of JNB,
and - through his bank Cherry Creek National Bank
-had extended a $1.5 million line of credit to
JNB (from which he, Bush, had drawn a salary of
$500,000 over the next 5 years).
Apr. 7 90: John Poindexter convicted on
5 counts, & sentenced to 6 months imprisonment
- but convictions of both North & Poindexter
subsequently set aside.
June 22 90: George W. Bush Jnr. sold $848,560
of his Harken shares - & one week later the
company announces a $23 million loss for the past
quarter, & loses a further 60% of its value
over the following 6 months. As the News
& World Report noted at the time: Bush
Jnr. had recently been appointed by Harken to
study the possible economic restructuring of the
company!
Aug. 2 90: Iraq invades Kuwait.
Mar. 91: Asset Management (see above) goes
bankrupt, & the following year West Tsusho
filed a $2.5 million suit against Prescott Bush
Jnr. for not protecting their $5 million investment
in Asset Management.
Apr.19 91: US Government declared Neil Bush
a bankrupt & imposed sanctions on him for
violating conflict of interest rules.
1992: Caspar W. Weinberger (Secretary of Defense
81 - 87) indicted on 5 counts of lying
to Congress.
Dec. 24 92: President George Bush Snr.,
having just been defeated by Clinton, pardons
all those principal players (above) in the Iran-Contra
scandal.
1998: George W. Bush Jnr. governor of Texas (for
the second time); John Ellis (Jeb)
Bush governor of Florida.
Jan. 20 2001: George W. Bush inaugurated
as president of the USA (with not a little help
from his brother Jeb).

Fair
Use Notice: This site contains copyrighted material
the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright
owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding
of environmental, political, economic, democratic, domestic and international
issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted
material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance
with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without
profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included
information for research and educational purposes. For more information go to:
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml.
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own
that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
|